…Indonesia! My sympathies to you, Indonesians.
I can see what you are thinking, my dear readers. “What happened to Saudi Arabia? Or Pakistan? Or Iran? Or the Comoros? Or…” and so on. But notice, I said “on the way to”. So, they’re not quite there, as there is still a slight and possibly mostly imaginary separation of “Mosque and State”, as some reporters have said it, still in place.
What specifically brought this particular post on? Well, as often happens, a story in the usually-praiseworthy Los Angeles Times.
Apparently, one Yusman Roy, a former boxer and convert to Islam (his mother was a Dutch Catholic, so naturally he was as well in his younger days, but converted later), has recently been jailed for a term of two years for a truly abominable, heretical crime – believing that Muslims should be able to pray in a language they can understand (i.e. their own language), and trying to spread said belief.
Wow. What a concept. Now, I normally don’t like to get into arguments about what’s “wrong” with any given religion, or how one religion may or may not be “better” than another religion. Why? Because, whatever my personal beliefs or not, the whole point of the concept of “faith” is believing in the inherently unprovable, and knowing so. That’s why for example the concept of Intelligent Design is, whatever your opinion on it’s scientific merit, very, very bad theology. Trying to apply pseudo-science to matters of religious faith to artificially create “proof” to support your beliefs damages the very foundation of the concept of faith. Basically, the bottom line goes something like this; “You believe in God, right?” “Sure, of course, the mostest, more than you!” “All right, so why try to ‘prove’ something you know already?” It’s a piece of very damaged logic.
But I got distracted. My point was, since religion should be a very personal item, meaning everyone has at least different beliefs, based on things they take on faith that one certainly shouldn’t impose on others, believing so, it’s hard not to be hypocritical when passing value judgements on some particular technicality of someone else’s practice of their own religious faith.
All that said, I can say with no internal logical conflict whatsoever that this is the height of stupidity unsupportable by any kind of sensible logic or good theology. By “good”, I mean, “sensible application of”, when you think of theology as a discipline of learning, or a vocation.
Now, this could be from my Christian cultural background. If memory serves, we’ve sorted this stuff out many hundreds of years ago. Granted, it didn’t go easily, but eventually, pretty much everyone agreed it makes sense that when you’re talking to God, you should know what you’re saying. Also, when you are “receiving” the “word of God” (i.e. reading the Bible), it doesn’t hurt to understand what it’s saying (without going into the legitimacy of the great editorial liberties taken with said text over the many centuries it took it to make it into the current incarnation).
No-brainer, right? Unfortunately, not so for Indonesia’s Council of Ulemas, which is apparently somewhere between the Congregation For the Defense of the Doctrine of the Faith (formerly the Inquisition, now with a catchy semi-corporate name) and the Inquisition (back when they’d burn people out of their houses, then imprison them, and the fun would just be getting started).
Now, some quotations from the Times’ fine article;
Roy’s desire to pray in Indonesian has sparked such an outrage that he was convicted last year in criminal court of “spreading hatred.” Animosity toward Roy ran so high that police posted guards to keep an angry mob from torching his house and school.
Roy is one of at least 10 Muslims incarcerated in recent months for what the Indonesian Council of Ulemas, the country’s most influential Muslim body in setting religious policy, has deemed deviant thinking.
Indonesia is a democratic, secular country, and there is no constitutional basis for using Islamic law in court in most regions. But insulting a religion is a crime, and a fatwa, or religious edict, issued by the Council of Ulemas can carry great weight as evidence of an alleged offense to Islam.
Indonesia, which has more than 190 million Muslims, the world’s largest Islamic population, has become increasingly conservative since the 1998 collapse of President Suharto’s military regime. In recent years, the government has grown more active in enforcing religious law.
I’m pretty sure the concepts of “democratic, secular country” and “insulting religion is a crime” are pretty damn incompatible. But, after all, whether someplace is a “democracy” or not is judged on a sliding scale these days, as we all know. Still, this shows why I was saying earlier that said separation of religion and state could be pretty much imaginary at this time. It’s a short step indeed from “insulting relgion is a crime, and the most radical clerics get to decide when you insulted religion” and “The Grand Ayatollah will now explain why you should stone your daughter at once.”
Sumardi Tappaya, 60, a high school religious teacher on the island of Sulawesi, was locked up in January after a relative told police he had heard Sumardi whistling while he prayed. The whistling was declared deviant by the local ulemas, and Sumardi is now in jail awaiting trial on charges of religious blasphemy. He faces five years in prison.
Ardhi Husain, 50, who ran an Islamic center in East Java that treated drug addiction and cancer with traditional medicine and prayer, was sentenced in September to five years in prison for writing a book that the ulemas said contained 70 “errors,” such as claiming that Muhammad was not the last prophet and that non-Muslims could go to heaven. Five editors of the book also received five-year terms. An employee who sold a copy to a neighbor received three years.
After Husain’s arrest, a mob burned down his facility. No one has been arrested in the attack.
There is another convict listed in the article, but she really does seem to be running a cult and there’s little doubt one can say she’s insulted religion;
Lia Aminuddin, 58, who claims to be the Virgin Mary and leads the quasi-Islamic God’s Kingdom of Eden cult, was arrested in December on blasphemy charges after thousands of angry protesters surrounded her headquarters in Jakarta, the Indonesian capital. The ulemas and demonstrators accused her of insulting Islam by claiming that she was married to the archangel Gabriel and that God spoke to her through him. (In Islam, Gabriel, or Jibril, is revered as the archangel who communicated God’s word to Muhammad.)
Still, every country has religious crackpots (the kind that aren’t preaching mass murder, that is), and jailing them isn’t exactly a uncanny sign of a “democratic, secular” society.
Then again, China is doing it, and we don’t seem to mind. Of course, maybe that’s because China is just not a democracy, period, and on the sliding scale of “bad stuff China does”, supressing religion isn’t so bad? It’s probably all that massive debt the Government owes to China (“Your Wars and Tax-cuts, brought to you curtesy of the Chinese Communist Party!”), or perhaps the all-pervasive influence of China’s biggest Corporation, Wall-Mart.
At any rate, here are a few more excerpts from the LA Times article;
The Indonesian Council of Ulemas, which is made up of 43 Muslim scholars and leaders of major Islamic organizations, was formed in 1975 to guide Muslims on how to live in accordance with Islamic principles. Muslims make up more than 85% of the nation’s population.
The council has recently issued fatwas banning women from leading prayers if a man is present and prohibiting Muslims from praying alongside members of other religions. Provincial and local branches of the council also have issued numerous fatwas regulating Islamic practices.
Ma’ruf Amin, a vice chairman of the Indonesian Council of Ulemas and the chairman of its fatwa committee, says the ulemas’ role is to define proper behavior for Muslims and to set boundaries that protect the purity of Islam.
He denies that the ulemas are promoting hatred, and says Muslims who engage in deviant practices are bringing violence upon themselves.
“These kinds of people are the ones who cause all the trouble, and the people wouldn’t bother to riot if there was no one who deviated,” Amin said. “These kinds of people should not exist.”
Right. He’s not promoting hatred, he just says “these kinds of people should not exist”. Insert your own concentration camp wisecrack here.
On the upside for the hardliners, reputable scholars like this one endorse the “no bilingual prayer” stance;
Some moderate Muslim leaders charge that the Council of Ulemas has been infiltrated by hard-line groups, particularly the Islamic Defenders Front.
Defenders Front Chairman Habib Rizieq, who declares himself a follower of Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, says it is important to keep Muslims from being swayed by ideas deemed to be heretical, such as bilingual prayer. “All deviant teaching has to be banned,” he said.
Here is the link to the full article;
The Full LA Times Article
As you have to be a website member though, you may not be able to access it.
So, instead of going on with vague ranting, I leave you with some theological technicalities;
The disadvantage is greatest when it comes to salat, the prayers performed by the faithful five times a day while facing Mecca. Many scholars interpret Muhammad’s guidance to “pray like you see me praying” to mean that salat can be performed only in Arabic. But other scholars disagree, saying there is nothing sacred about Arabic itself.
In theory, Indonesian Muslims learn the meaning of their prayers in their own language as they memorize the Arabic words. But Roy estimates that at least 70% of Indonesia’s Muslims don’t know what their prayers mean. Most Indonesians defer to Arabic speakers in interpreting the Koran, he says, which can make them vulnerable to the teachings of militant Muslims.
“Because of their lack of understanding, they do not have high-quality prayers,” he says. “That is why there are people who are angry and commit violence. If they had high-quality prayers, they would not become terrorists.”
He certainly has a point. How hard is it to lead religious followers into terrorism, when they have almost no understanding of their own religion beyond what they’re told? The mind boggles.
And finally;
Roy seems to accept his fate with equanimity. Serving two years in prison for his faith, he says, helps atone for his violent crimes that went unpunished. He says prison has only affirmed his belief in bilingual prayer, and he plans to continue pushing for its adoption once he is freed.
Roy’s sentence is only six months shorter than the term given radical cleric Abu Bakar Bashir, the purported spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiah. The Southeast Asian affiliate of Al Qaeda is believed to have killed at least 225 people in suicide bombings in Bali and Jakarta.
Good luck to you Roy, in bringing Islam to understanding something that was perfectly obvious to Christians hundreds of years ago – and I say that without making a value judgement between the religions in other respects. After all, the Christian sect Mel Gibson belongs to believes Mass should only be performed in Latin. I give Mel the benefit of the doubt though, since I can only assume that he believes the followers should fully understand Latin when practicing his brand of Christianity.
And that concludes my pseudo-theological rant of the day. If you made it this far, I am suitably impressed, thanks, and I hope you got something useful from it.